The Island New guinea was divided into two regions, Papua
New Guinea and Papua. Netherland laid claim to the Papua region along with what
is now modern Indonesia (was called Dutch East Indies back then). After World
War 2, Indonesian nationalist declared independence in 1949 and claimed all the
territory of the Dutch East Indies as part of the Republic of Indonesia. By
1961 this included West Papua (US president Kennedy allowed them to keep the
region in an effort to gain a strong ally in Southeast Asia and stop communism
from spreading).
Papua and Indonesia on the world map. |
With American backing, the UN agreed to give Indonesia care
taker rights over West Papua on condition that it would oversee the vote of the
people of West Papua in which they would either choose to remain part of Indonesia
or to become an independent nation. This vote was called the “Act of Free
Choice”
West Papua in pictures from Al Jazeera |
Instead of keeping their word and going along with what they
had agreed, Indonesia decided to round up approximately 1,000 elders which “represented”
the Papuan people (or tribes) and after threatening and intimidating them, forced
them at gun point to vote to remain a part of Indonesia. Now Indonesia had
acquired a nation with which they shared neither language, history, culture,
religion nor ethnicity. They wanted the region because of its rich resources; West
Papua has the largest gold and copper mine in the world and is the largest tract
of rainforest outside of the Amazon. Plus they have natural gas reserves.